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Greg Callaghan

Pro

Enduro World Championships

14th September, 2024
Italy
Trentino
Top 5
Cycling, Mountain bike - 42.4km
18°C
, Mild
4hrs 11mins
more race details

Greg's headline numbers

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~118
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~776
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~799
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~3.3
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Greg's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~118
g
Greg's Energy Rating
7
/10
"I felt quite flat during the first stages but got a lot better as the day went on."
Our thoughts

Greg has developed a precise fueling strategy to overcome the challenging logistics of enduro riding, and he stuck to his plan well for this championship race. Part of this meant carrying more fuel than he anticipated needing to account for any unexpected hunger or course delays. The Enduro World Champs is a unique event, featuring multiple short sprint stages throughout a longer day. While Greg’s total race time across all stages was just over 22 minutes, he was on the course for over 4 hours, requiring consistent and effective fueling to maintain energy levels. His impressively high carb intake over the 4.5 hours is particularly interesting, considering how little of that time was spent actually racing. Greg has been actively working on increasing his intake following our analysis of Epic Enduro and was able to put this into practice to improve his energy levels as the day progressed by fueling appropriately. He utilised a variety of fueling products, consistently taking a PF 30 Gel or PF 30 Caffeine Gel 15 minutes before each sprint. After the 4th stage, he even opted for 100g of rice, as incorporating real food can help prevent flavour fatigue when relying on nutrition products for extended periods.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~776
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 800-1200mg/L
~799
mg
Greg's Hydration Rating
5
/10
"My sodium intake was okay but I think I could’ve drank more fluid."
Our thoughts

There was limited water availability on the course and consequently, Greg had to carry most of the water he planned to consume throughout the day. He still managed an average of ~776ml per hour, a suitable amount given the mild race-day weather and was even higher than the ~591ml/h he drank at Epic Enduro. While Greg recognized he could have consumed more, the added weight and logistical difficulty of carrying extra water made it impractical and he saw no hydration-related issues of being ‘close to the line’. Before future events, gathering some sweat rate data could help him fine-tune his intake for races in warmer conditions. In addition to sweat rate testing, a sweat test would be beneficial to support his sodium intake and make sure it matches his actual losses. Although Greg didn’t have precise data on race day, he estimated he consumed around ~799mg of sodium per litre of fluid, which helped him avoid cramps and stay hydrated.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~3.3
mg
Our thoughts

In addition to his morning coffee, Greg supplemented with a PF 30 Caffeine Gel before stages one and four. Since caffeine has a half-life of 4-5 hours, spacing his intake this way would have helped maintain a steady release of the ergogenic effects, masking any fatigue or energy dips across the five short race stages. His total caffeine intake remained within the scientific guidelines, which is a change from his previous race where he exceeded these recommendations over a longer period of time. By adjusting his intake for the shorter duration, he ensured optimal performance benefits while minimising the risk of gastrointestinal issues.

How Greg hit his numbers

Here's everything that Greg ate and drank on the day...

Greg's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Greg's Satisfaction Rating
8
/10
Overall I'm happy with how the body felt throughout the day and if anything I would say I got better as the day went on.
Greg
Greg raced well to take an epic 5th place at Enduro World Champs. His meticulously planned fuel and hydration routine during each stage enabled him to race hard throughout the day and avoid any drops in performance and instead feel better as the day went on!
PF&H

Greg's full stats

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Overall
496g total carb
118g per hour
3,250ml total fluid
776ml per hour
2,598mg total sodium
620mg per hour
799mg
Sodium per litre
277mg total caffeine
3.3mg per kg

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

Greg's recent case studies

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