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Emma Pallant-Browne

Pro

IRONMAN 70.3® Boulder

7th August, 2021
USA
Boulder
1st, FPRO
Triathlon, Middle distance - 113.1km
22°C
, Hot
3hrs 59mins
more race details

Emma's headline numbers

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?
?
~91
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~540
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~925
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 600-1000mg/L
0
mg
Total caffeine

Emma's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
?
T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~91
g
Emma's Energy Rating
8
/10
"My energy levels were good all day and I was pleased with how much I could eat on the bike."
Our thoughts

Emma consumed an impressive amount of carb on the bike leg in Boulder, averaging over 120g/h. This is over double what we saw her consume at IRONMAN® 70.3 Florida and PTO Williamsburg. However, she dropped her intake significantly down to just ~23g/h on the run by consuming only one PF 30 Gel. This taper in consumption is not uncommon in triathlon, and something we’ve seen Emma do before. While ~154g/h is a very high carb intake, there’s nothing necessarily wrong with this level of consumption as long as it was tolerated well by Emma with no GI discomfort, and frontloading her intake on the bike was likely helpful to offset the drop in intake on the run.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Emma716mg/L
Emma has been Sweat Tested to dial in her hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Emma’s losses are on the low side, getting her hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as her higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes
?
Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Emma start optimally hydrated
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~540
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 600-1000mg/L
~925
mg
Emma's Hydration Rating
9
/10
"I'm confident I couldn't have done much more from a hydration perspective."
Our thoughts

Emma’s average relative sodium concentration during the race was ~1,104mg/L, relying on PH 1000 (Drink Mix) for her electrolyte consumption. She consumed all of her sodium on the bike, which worked well this time as she managed the run without any issues. However, in more challenging conditions and over longer races, she should consider continuing her sodium intake over the run to mitigate accumulating a deficit later on in the race. Despite having a low-to-moderate sweat sodium concentration (~716mg/L), Emma's high sweat rate means her net sodium losses are significant, so slightly ‘over-salting’ compared to her losses (going from 716mg/L to 1000mg/L) helps increase her fluid retention. In terms of fluid intake, Emma consumed ~833ml per hour on the bike, suiting her high sweat rate (which can reach over 2L/h at times). During the run, Emma reduced her sodium, carb and fluid intake but still sipped frequently by taking cups of water from aid stations, which was sufficient for the half marathon distance.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine
?
Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels
Total caffeine
0
mg
Our thoughts

Emma chose not to consume any caffeine immediately before and during the race. This would be well worth testing out in training and then implementing into future race plans as there is ample research showing caffeine’s benefits for performance.

How Emma hit her numbers

Here's everything that Emma ate and drank on the day...

Emma's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Emma's Satisfaction Rating
9
/10
I’m really pleased to have taken the win here, on to the next!
Emma
Overall, Emma had an excellent race and executed her fuel and hydration plan well. She did a great job consuming such a large carb intake on the bike for sustained energy levels, allowing her to be a little more lenient on the run to focus on a fast finish. We look forward to seeing how the rest of her season goes and supporting her in fine tuning her strategy.
PF&H

Emma's full stats

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?
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Overall
363g total carb
91g per hour
2,150ml total fluid
540ml per hour
1,988mg total sodium
499mg per hour
925mg
Sodium per litre
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is an adequate level of accuracy in the data collected and the numbers reported. The athlete manages to recall what they ate and drank including most specifics (brands flavours quantities plausible estimations of volumes). However there are estimations made within the data which affect the overall confidence level in the data reported.

Emma's recent case studies

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