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Kyle Smith

Pro

PTO European Open

6th May, 2023
Spain
Ibiza
9th, MPRO
Triathlon, Middle distance - 100km
20°C
, Hot
3hrs 18mins
more race details

Kyle's headline numbers

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?
?
~103
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~479
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~316
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
~2.7
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Kyle's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~103
g
Kyle's Energy Rating
6
/10
"I had a bit of a mental battle at the end of the tough bike, and then the first 5-10km of the run felt great. I just ran out of gas."
Our thoughts

Kyle executed a solid fueling strategy using PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix, PF 90 Gels, and PF 30 Gels. His average intake was well above the recommended 90g of carb per hour, though there was a notable decrease in carbohydrate consumption from bike to run (~131g/h to ~67g/h). While a drop-off is common especially for a race of this distance, and such a high bike intake will have ‘front-loaded’ for the run, Kyle may benefit from a more consistent intake if he plans to compete in longer races, in order to minimise the risk of GI discomfort.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Kyle471mg/L
Kyle has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Kyle’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes
?
Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Kyle start optimally hydrated
Fluid per hour
Recommended 500-1,000ml/h
~479
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 300-700mg/L
~316
mg
Kyle's Hydration Rating
4
/10
"Hydration was great until it wasn't. I missed two bottles on the bike which would've made a big difference."
Our thoughts

On the bike, Kyle started strong, carrying two full bottles; one with PF Carb & Electrolyte Drink Mix and the other with water. However, as he approached the largest hill on the lapped course, he couldn't find the expected aid station until he spotted it further down on a fast descent, making it challenging to collect anything while maintaining his speed. Travelling over 50km/h, he missed two bottles, leaving him with an average intake of only ~600ml/h - and whilst replacing 100% of your losses isn’t necessary or even advisable, his intake was significantly below his estimated loss of over 1.25L/h based on previous sweat rate testing. Even if he began optimally hydrated, Kyle’s net fluid loss likely exceeded 2% of his body weight between kilometres later into the race. This timing aligned with a sharp drop in his pace and a significant increase in his perceived effort.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
?
T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~2.7
mg
Our thoughts

Kyle’s caffeine intake was well-timed, with one PF 30 Caffeine Gel 15 minutes before the start and another just before transitioning to the one-hour run. With a total intake of around 200mg, he fell slightly below the recommended 3-6mg/kg to optimise performance. To maximise the ergogenic benefits, he could consider adding one or two more caffeine gels throughout the race.

How Kyle hit his numbers

Here's everything that Kyle ate and drank on the day...

Kyle's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Kyle's Satisfaction Rating
5
/10
I'm satisfied that I know I've got a big result in the tank fitness wise, it's just frustrating that the execution wasn't there on the day.
Kyle
Kyle was understandably frustrated to lead the race for so long only to be held back in part due to his hydration. On the positive side, his fueling went well, which he can carry forward into his next race along with a plan B hydration strategy for if things don’t go to plan.
PF&H

Kyle's full stats

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?
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Overall
340g total carb
103g per hour
1,580ml total fluid
479ml per hour
500mg total sodium
152mg per hour
316mg
Sodium per litre
200mg total caffeine
2.7mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is some confidence in the quantities and brands of products consumed but the data may lack specifics (e.g. volumes specific flavours). A high number of estimations have been made and the room for error is moderate-high. There may also be the possibility that some intake has been grossly over- or under-estimated.

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