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Sam Appleton

Pro

The Collins Cup

28th August, 2021
Slovakia
Samorin
2nd, MPRO
Triathlon, Middle distance - 100km
20°C
, Hot
3hrs 17mins
more race details

Sam's headline numbers

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?
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~63
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~411
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~1,107
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 500-900mg/L
~1.9
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Sam's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
pre-fueled
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T - 15mins: Took in a final dose of carb
Carb per hour
Recommended 90g/h+
~63
g
Sam's Energy Rating
8
/10
"I felt I fueled enough on the bike, but possibly under-fueled on the run."
Our thoughts

This race had a slightly unusual start time, as the athletes toed the start line just after midday. This gave Sam more time to fuel in the morning, and he chose to have two breakfasts to make sure his fuel stores were well topped up. During the race, Sam used the same fueling strategy as he did in his last race at Boulder 70.3, hitting ~82g/h on the bike and ~33g/h on the run. Although this drop-off in carb intake is common in triathlons due to the mechanics of running making it more difficult to hit higher carb numbers, we still would encourage Sam to undergo some structured gut training so he doesn’t have such an extreme reduction and can increase his overall intake to be closer inline with the general recommendations.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Sam655mg/L
Sam has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Sam’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Pre-loaded electrolytes
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T - 60mins: Drank ~500ml of strong electrolyte drink
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~411
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 500-900mg/L
~1,107
mg
Sam's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"I felt that I drank enough during the race."
Our thoughts

Although Sam attempted to preload prior to the start of the race, he should have used a higher concentration of electrolytes, such as PH 1500 to better increase his blood plasma volume and optimise his pre-race hydration. Despite a solid sodium intake throughout the race, coming through a mixture of PH 1000 and PH 1500, Sam still suffered from some twinges of cramp in his hamstring during the run. Considering the cool conditions, it’s likely Sam replaced a decent proportion of his sweat losses, leaving the cramp cause to other factors, but completing some sweat rate testing in specific weather environments would help him further dial this in to make sure it’s appropriate.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Pre-caffeinated
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T - 0-4hrs: Had a final hit of caffeine
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~1.9
mg
Our thoughts

Sam regularly uses caffeine during his races and training and this race was no exception, as he used the stimulant to reap the ergogenic benefits it has to offer. This would no doubt have helped to lower his perceived level of effort and sustain his energy levels right to the end of the race. However, he could increase this slightly to be more closely inline with the scientific recommendations in order to maximise the impact of the stimulant.

How Sam hit his numbers

Here's everything that Sam ate and drank on the day...

Sam's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Sam's Satisfaction Rating
7
/10
Everything went reasonably well in this race, I just felt a little flat on the run.
Sam
Overall, Sam had a strong race. His hydration and fuelling strategy has been developed over time but he can continue to fine-tune his fluid intake and carb target to hopefully improve his energy levels and mitigate against cramp.
PF&H

Sam's full stats

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Overall
207g total carb
63g per hour
1,350ml total fluid
411ml per hour
1,495mg total sodium
455mg per hour
1,107mg
Sodium per litre
124mg total caffeine
1.9mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
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2
3
4
5

There is good confidence in the accuracy of the data reported. An athlete feels that the numbers closely reflect what they consumed despite a couple of estimations which may carry some degree of error. The majority of what was consumed is recorded to a high level of specificity (most volumes are known through the use of bottles brands quantities flavours). The numbers are very plausible and align with previous data recordings (if an athlete has collected data previously).

Sam's recent case studies

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