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Tim Bull

IRONMAN® Italy

21st September, 2024
Italy
Emilia-Romagna
Completed, M60-64
Triathlon, Full distance - 226.2km
21°C
, Hot
13hrs 4mins
more race details

Tim's headline numbers

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?
?
~61
g
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~340
ml
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~567
mg
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~0.1
mg
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg

Tim's strategy

Fueling

Carbohydrate is the main fuel you burn when racing. Failing to fuel properly is a leading cause of underperformance in longer races.

Carb-rich meal
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T - 1-4hrs: Ate a carb rich meal (Low in fat & fibre)
Didn't pre-fuel
?
Tim would benefit from taking in a final dose of carb <30 minutes before
Carb per hour
Recommended 60g/h
~61
g
Tim's Energy Rating
9
/10
"No major energy lows and my legs felt pretty good every time I went up the hill. It started to get tough on my stomach on the third lap of the run, so I just backed off the fuel intake."
Our thoughts

Tim’s debut IRONMAN® was the Bull family’s idea of spending quality time with each other, as his daughter Liv also debuted over the IRONMAN® distance in Italy. Tim kept his fueling strategy as simple as he could, alternating between a swig from his bottle filled with PF 30 Gels and a PF 30 Chew every 30 minutes on the bike. Tim felt that this sustained his energy levels superbly, and the mixture of tastes and textures helped him stave off flavour fatigue, which is common for first-timers during races of this duration. Impressively, Tim hit the carb recommendations from our Fuel & Hydration Planner, despite struggling in the final hour of the run to take on much fuel because of some stomach discomfort. Practising consuming your race nutrition at the rates planned for race day is known to help improve carbohydrate tolerance. Tim could try gut training for future events to ensure he can sustain the appropriate intake.

Hydration

Taking on board an appropriate amount of fluid and sodium is essential to maintaining blood volume and supporting the cardiovascular effort needed to perform on race day.

Whilst the absolute amount of sodium and fluid consumed per hour is important, it’s critical to consider these in relation to each other. This is known as 'relative sodium concentration' and it’s expressed in milligrams per litre (mg/L). How much sodium you’re taking in per litre of fluid is more important than the absolute amount taken in per hour.

Tim655mg/L
Tim has been Sweat Tested to dial in his hydration plan

Sweat sodium concentration (mg/L) is largely genetically determined and remains relatively stable. Knowing how salty your sweat is enables you to replace a good proportion of your sweat losses, which can range from 200-2,000mg/L.

Whilst Tim’s losses are on the low side, getting his hydration strategy right is still crucial when it’s hot and/or humid as his higher sweat rate in these conditions can result in significant net losses over the duration of a race.

Learn more
Didn't pre-load electrolytes
?
Drinking a strong electrolyte drink before the race could have helped Tim start optimally hydrated
Fluid per hour
Recommended 250-750ml/h
~340
ml
Sodium per litre
Recommended 400-800mg/L
~567
mg
Tim's Hydration Rating
8
/10
"I felt pretty good, I was peeing quite a lot (1-2 times an hour on the bike). Maybe only once on the run as I backed off the drinks as it cooled down."
Our thoughts

Tim had a Sweat Test to help dial in his hydration strategy ahead of his first IRONMAN®, as he knew he’d be sweating for several hours. His unique sweat sodium concentration falls on the lower end of our bell curve of sweat test results, meaning electrolyte supplementation was slightly less of a priority than for other athletes. Tim strategically diluted his PH 1000 (Tablets) with more water than they’re designed to be mixed in, to create an average concentration very close to his sweat losses. But it’s possible that he was drinking too much in the early stages of the bike as frequent urination is a common sign of hyperhydration or over-dilution of electrolytes relative to sweat losses. Conditions were cooler than expected on race day in Emilia, so perhaps Tim’s pre-planned fluid intake in preparation for warmer temperatures was causing him to overdrink. Thankfully, as he backed off the fluid consumption the sensation to urinate stopped, and he finished the race not feeling excessively dehydrated.

Caffeine

Beyond the Three Levers of Performance (carb, sodium and fluid), caffeine is one of only a few substances that is proven to improve performance for most endurance athletes as it can help stave off mental and physical fatigue.

Didn't pre-load caffeine
?
Consuming caffeine in the hours before the start may have increased perceived energy levels
Caffeine per kg
Recommended 3-6mg/kg
~0.1
mg
Our thoughts

Our blog post on whether caffeine is right for you was the first line of enquiry for Tim when deciding if he should include the stimulant in his race day plan. After careful consideration, he decided he hadn’t practised with it enough to risk trying it on race day and chose to abstain completely. This is a superb example of an athlete abiding by the age-old rule of “nothing new on race day”.

How Tim hit his numbers

Here's everything that Tim ate and drank on the day...

Tim's weapons of choice

Final thoughts

Tim's Satisfaction Rating
10
/10
Overall I’m over the moon, I loved it. It would’ve been good to go under 13 hours, but that was still almost an hour quicker than I originally thought I could do, so it doesn’t bother me.
Tim
Tim executed a well thought out training plan leading up to the race, which was accompanied by a meticulously designed fuel and hydration strategy. With a couple of minor adaptations on the fly, he successfully negotiated some stomach discomfort and hyperhydration to finish his first ever IRONMAN®. Nice work, Tim.
PF&H

Tim's full stats

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Overall
801g total carb
61g per hour
4,450ml total fluid
340ml per hour
2,522mg total sodium
193mg per hour
567mg
Sodium per litre
10mg total caffeine
0.1mg per kg
Bike and Run
Bike
Run

Data Confidence
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We rate each of our case studies from 1-5 based on the level of accuracy, and our confidence in the data.
1
2
3
4
5

There is some confidence in the quantities and brands of products consumed but the data may lack specifics (e.g. volumes specific flavours). A high number of estimations have been made and the room for error is moderate-high. There may also be the possibility that some intake has been grossly over- or under-estimated.

Tim's recent case studies

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